A practical guide to understanding models and applications
In the marine and industrial sectors, pumps are used in a wide variety of applications, often with very different requirements. Water, fuels, oils, viscous or aggressive fluids all call for specific solutions, which is why pumps are available in many different types and configurations.
They are highly versatile machines, usually compact and designed to operate in demanding environments, with materials and coatings selected according to the fluid being handled and properly balanced moving components.
For purchasing teams, navigating through different models and terminology is not always straightforward. A clear classification of pump families helps identify the right solution and improves communication with suppliers.
Pump types can be classified in different ways, based on factors such as their operating principle and system characteristics. There is no single standard classification, but several frameworks that consider aspects such as:
- operating conditions,
- type of fluid being handled,
- operating pressure,
- operating temperature,
- required flow rate.
To support this process, we created a simple, easy-to-read infographic that classifies pumps according to their operating principle, distinguishing between dynamic and positive displacement pumps. This first-level distinction helps make the initial selection more straightforward.
Dynamic (or Kinetic) Pumps
Dynamic pumps transfer energy to the fluid in the form of kinetic energy, increasing its velocity. This category includes centrifugal pumps as well as axial and mixed flow pumps, typically used for high flow rates and low-viscosity fluids.
They are commonly found in marine and industrial auxiliary systems, such as cooling systems, general services and the handling of water and similar fluids.
Positive Displacement (Volumetric) Pumps
Positive displacement pumps, on the other hand, move a fixed volume of fluid with each cycle. This characteristic makes them well suited for viscous fluids, higher-pressure applications or when a constant flow rate is required.
This category includes both reciprocating and rotary pumps, commonly used for oils, fuels and other complex fluids.
Understanding the differences between pump families is an excellent starting point for building a more effective selection and procurement process. It reduces the risk of choosing the wrong solution and streamlines communication with suppliers.
In the next articles, we will dive deeper into each pump family, focusing on the most common applications and the most relevant management and maintenance aspects for the marine and industrial sectors.